TypeScript

Key TypeScript Features

• Static Typing: Catch errors at compile time rather than runtime
• Type Inference: Automatically infer types when not explicitly declared
• Interfaces: Define contracts for object shapes and structures
• Generics: Create reusable components with type parameters
• Enums: Define named constants for better code readability

TypeScript Example

// Interface definition
interface User {
  id: number;
  name: string;
  email: string;
  isActive?: boolean; // Optional property
}

// Function with typed parameters and return type
function createUser(userData: Omit<User, 'id'>): User {
  return {
    id: Math.random(),
    ...userData,
    isActive: userData.isActive ?? true
  };
}

// Generic function
function getArrayItem<T>(array: T[], index: number): T | undefined {
  return array[index];
}

// Usage
const newUser = createUser({
  name: "John Doe",
  email: "john@example.com"
});

const firstUser = getArrayItem([newUser], 0);
                        

TypeScript Benefits

• Early Error Detection: Catch bugs during development
• Better IDE Support: Enhanced autocomplete and refactoring
• Code Documentation: Types serve as inline documentation
• Refactoring Safety: Confident code changes with type checking
• Team Collaboration: Clear contracts between code modules
• Gradual Adoption: Can be introduced incrementally

TypeScript Ecosystem

• React: Excellent TypeScript support with typed components
• Node.js: Server-side TypeScript development
• Angular: Built with TypeScript from the ground up
• Vue.js: First-class TypeScript support
• Express.js: Typed API development
• Next.js: Full-stack TypeScript applications